Haunted Environments: Political Violence and Ecologies of Memory in Ayu Utami’s Larung and Seno Gumira Ajidarma’s Kalatidha

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/ijis.v5i10.92

Keywords:

Ecologies of Memory, Haunting, Indonesian Fiction, Material Ecocriticism, Political Violence

Abstract

Political violence damages bodies, historical records, and environments mediating the past. This article examines Ayu Utami’s Larung and Seno Gumira Ajidarma’s Kalatidha through comparative close reading informed by haunting studies, material ecocriticism, and environmental approaches to cultural memory. Interconnected episodes involve family remembrance, cave hydrology, bamboo vegetation, psychiatric confinement, documentary fragments, and commercial redevelopment. Three mechanisms emerge: environmental dispersal of victims’ traces, restricted remembrance and credibility, and destruction of settings sustaining sensory attachment to the past. Larung links embodied intergenerational transmission, hydrological disposal narratives, and activists’ renewed political vulnerability. Kalatidha juxtaposes spectral persistence with institutional abuse and the loss of bamboo and fog beneath a shopping mall. Haunting reveals unresolved violence without guaranteeing reliable testimony, protection, or repair. The proposed ecology of memory is a vulnerable relation among material carriers, situated perceivers, and conditions of recognition, advancing comparative understanding of political and environmental harm in Indonesian fiction.

Author Biographies

Heru S.P. Saputra, Universitas Jember

TERKELOK Research Group, Universitas Jember, Indonesia

Edy Hariyadi, Universitas Jember

TERKELOK Research Group, Universitas Jember, Indonesia

Venedio Nala Ardisa, Pesinauan, Osing Indigenous School, Banyuwangi, Indonesia

Pesinauan, Osing Indigenous School, Banyuwangi, Indonesia

Wiwin Indiarti, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Study Program in English Language Education, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi, Indonesia

Titik Maslikatin, Universitas Jember

TERKELOK Research Group, Universitas Jember, Indonesia

L. Dyah Purwita Wardani , Universitas Jember

TERKELOK Research Group, Universitas Jember, Indonesia

Zahratul Umniyyah, Universitas Jember

Department of Indonesian Literature, Universitas Jember, Indonesia

Haikal Faqih, Universitas Indonesia

Postgraduate Students, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia

Krisnandita Afril Abdillah H., Universitas Gadjah Mada

Postgraduate Students, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

References

Ajidarma, S. G. (2026). Kalatidha. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. (Original work published 2007)

Ardisa, V. N. (2025). Tanaman, mata air, dan ingatan: Lanskap budaya Osing yang terpatri dalam alam [Plants, springs, and memory: Osing cultural landscapes inscribed in nature]. In W. Indiarti (Ed.), Ngerumat sumber: Jejak air dalam kebudayaan Osing [Caring for springs: Traces of water in Osing culture] (pp. 77–107). Mega Cakrawala; Pesinauan–Sekolah Adat Osing.

Arnez, M., & Dewojati, C. (2010). Sexuality, morality and the female role: Observations on recent Indonesian women’s literature. Asiatische Studien/Études Asiatiques, 64(1), 7–38. https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-35186

Bodden, M. H. (2016). Cosmopolitanism, nation, and the urban–rural split in the novels of Ayu Utami. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 172(4), 421–448. https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-17204004

Bond, L., & Rapson, J. (2024). Memory in the “Magic City”: The naturalisation of racial capitalism and environmental racism at heritage sites in and around Birmingham, Alabama. Memory Studies Review, 1(1), 56–75. https://doi.org/10.1163/29498902-20240009

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(4), 589–597. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806

Cardoso, A. R., Fernandes, C., & Honrado, J. P. (2025). Social-ecological memory: From concepts and methods to applications. Geographical Research, 63(2), 179–198. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-5871.12683

Craps, S. (2013). Postcolonial witnessing: Trauma out of bounds. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137292117

Craps, S., Crownshaw, R., Wenzel, J., Kennedy, R., Colebrook, C., & Nardizzi, V. (2018). Memory studies and the Anthropocene: A roundtable. Memory Studies, 11(4), 498–515. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750698017731068

Davis, C. (2005). Hauntology, spectres and phantoms. French Studies, 59(3), 373–379. https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/kni143

Dean, A., Granzow, K., & May, A. (2026). Notes toward a methodology of haunting. Memory Studies, 19(2), 439–452. https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980251334975

DeSilvey, C. (2017). Curated decay: Heritage beyond saving. University of Minnesota Press. https://doi.org/10.5749/9781452953717

Erll, A. (2011). Travelling memory. Parallax, 17(4), 4–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13534645.2011.605570

Fitria, A., & Asri, Y. (2020). Portrait of women’s struggles towards domination of patriarchal culture in Cantik Itu Luka and Kalatidha. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Language, Literature, and Education (ICLLE 2020) (pp. 131–135). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201109.022

Gordon, A. F. (2008). Ghostly matters: Haunting and the sociological imagination. University of Minnesota Press. https://www.upress.umn.edu/9780816654468/ghostly-matters/

Gülüm, E., Leworthy, P., Tabaszewska, J., & Teichler, H. (2024). Memory and environment. Memory Studies Review, 1(1), 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1163/29498902-20240007

Heryanto, A. (2006). State terrorism and political identity in Indonesia: Fatally belonging. Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/State-Terrorism-and-Political-Identity-in-Indonesia-Fatally-Belonging/Heryanto/p/book/9780415371520

Hidayat, M., Nurdin, B. V., & Makhya, S. (2026). Intergenerational value transmission as a social-ecological mechanism for sustainable forest governance: Lessons from the Repong Damar agroforestry system of Krui, Indonesia. International Journal of Integrative Sciences, 5(6), 735–748. https://doi.org/10.55927/ijis.v5i6.38

Iovino, S., & Oppermann, S. (2012). Material ecocriticism: Materiality, agency, and models of narrativity. Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment, 3(1), 75–91. https://doi.org/10.37536/ECOZONA.2012.3.1.452

Iovino, S., & Oppermann, S. (Eds.). (2014). Material ecocriticism. Indiana University Press. https://iupress.org/9780253013989/material-ecocriticism/

Jati, G. P. (2026). Novel Kalatidha karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma: Kajian estetika Wolfgang Iser [Seno Gumira Ajidarma’s Kalatidha: A study of Wolfgang Iser’s aesthetics]. Madah: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 17(1), 42–56. https://doi.org/10.31503/madah.v17i1.1245

Kasanova, R., Khoiri, Harsono, & Linarsih, Y. (2026). Gender, power, and resistance in Indonesian women’s fiction: Multimodal critical discourse insights from textual and digital narratives. Humanities Journal, 3(3), Article 2026022. https://doi.org/10.31893/humanitj.2026022

Kluwick, U. (2024). Haunting ecologies: Victorian conceptions of water. University of Virginia Press. https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/5983/

Knittel, S. C. (2023). Ecologies of violence: Cultural memory (studies) and the genocide–ecocide nexus. Memory Studies, 16(6), 1563–1578. https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980231202747

Kramnick, J. (2023). Criticism and truth: On method in literary studies. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226830544.001.0001

Kusumaningrum, D., Rahmawati, A. D., Balint, J., & McMillan, N. (2022). Sites of violence, sites of peace, sites of justice: Transforming the relational landscape of Yogyakarta. Space and Culture, 25(2), 309–321. https://doi.org/10.1177/12063312211065566

Leworthy, P. (2024). Memory, materials and the built environment. Memory Studies Review, 1(1), 157–175. https://doi.org/10.1163/29498902-20240005

Melvin, J. (2018). The army and the Indonesian genocide: Mechanics of mass murder. Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/The-Army-and-the-Indonesian-Genocide-Mechanics-of-Mass-Murder/Melvin/p/book/9781138347977

Morgan, H. (2022). Conducting a qualitative document analysis. The Qualitative Report, 27(1), 64–77. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2022.5044

Nashah, D., & Sari, K. (2026). Decolonizing the meaning of Yam: The ecological crisis of the Nile Delta and the erosion of prophetic memory in modern exegesis. International Journal of Integrative Sciences, 5(7), 953–966. https://doi.org/10.55927/ijis.v5i7.57

Nora, P. (1989). Between memory and history: Les lieux de mémoire. Representations, (26), 7–24. https://doi.org/10.2307/2928520

Nurcholish. (2015). Diskursus kegilaan dalam novel Kalatidha karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma [The discourse of madness in Seno Gumira Ajidarma’s Kalatidha]. Madah: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 6(2), 175–188. https://doi.org/10.31503/madah.v6i2.101

Ohrvik, A. (2024). What is close reading? An exploration of a methodology. Rethinking History, 28(2), 238–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642529.2024.2345001

Pohlman, A. (2015). Women, sexual violence and the Indonesian killings of 1965–66. Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Women-Sexual-Violence-and-the-Indonesian-Killings-of-1965-66/Pohlman/p/book/9781138576919

Roosa, J. (2020). Buried histories: The anticommunist massacres of 1965–1966 in Indonesia. University of Wisconsin Press. https://uwpress.wisc.edu/Books/B/Buried-Histories2

Rothberg, M. (2019). The implicated subject: Beyond victims and perpetrators. Stanford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781503609600

Saputra, H. S. P., Indiarti, W., Maslikatin, T., Hariyadi, E., Wardani, L. D. P., & Mahfudah, U. L. (2026). Making landscapes extractable: Epistemic politics and relational ecologies in Ayu Welirang’s Jejak Balak and Ayu Utami’s Bilangan Fu. International Journal of Contemporary Sciences, 4(8), 2107–2128. https://doi.org/10.55927/djb1k109

Saputra, H. S. P., Maslikatin, T., Umniyyah, Z., Muhamad, A. B. R., & Wardani, L. D. P. (2025). Ecological and feminine exploitation in Ahmad Tohari’s Bekisar Merah: A materialist ecofeminist perspective of Ariel Salleh. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 28(2), 1269–1280. doi: 10.30574/wjarr.2025.28.2.3820

Saputra, H. S. P., Prasetya, H., Hermawan, S., Maslikatin, T., & Hariyadi, E. (2026). Narrating forest loss: Ecological violence and environmental silence in a comparative study of Jejak Balak and Supernova: Partikel. NOTION: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Culture, 8(1), 142–157. doi: 10.12928/notion.v8i1.15606

Saputra, H. S. P., Wardani, L. D. P., Indiarti, W., Maslikatin, T., Hariyadi, E., Galaxi, G. P., Antika, D. R., & Putri, C. (2026). Ecologies of circulation: Coastal power and relational worlds in Royyan Julian’s Tiang Garam and Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Arus Balik. International Journal of Scientific Multidisciplinary Research, 4(9), 2331–2350. https://doi.org/10.55927/ijsmr.v4i9.162

Sears, L. J. (2007). Reading Ayu Utami: Notes toward a study of trauma and the archive in Indonesia. Indonesia, 83, 17–40. https://hdl.handle.net/1813/54403

Sears, L. J. (2013). Situated testimonies: Dread and enchantment in an Indonesian literary archive. University of Hawai‘i Press. https://uhpress.hawaii.edu/title/situated-testimonies-dread-and-enchantment-in-an-indonesian-literary-archive/

Setiawan, T. P., Hayati, Y., & Nst., M. I. (2018). Representasi politik dalam novel Kalatidha karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma [Political representation in Seno Gumira Ajidarma’s Kalatidha]. Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.24036/895850

Siwi, U. R., Amrizal, & Sarwono, S. (2021). Intertekstualitas novel Kalatidha karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma [Intertextuality in Seno Gumira Ajidarma’s Kalatidha]. Jurnal Ilmiah KORPUS, 5(1), 93–107. https://doi.org/10.33369/jik.v5i1.13114

Steenbrink, K. (2014). The reformasi of Ayu Utami: Attacking the monopoly of the great religions. Wacana: Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia, 15(2), 351–366. https://doi.org/10.17510/wacana.v15i2.408

Suharyo, Nuryatin, A., Subyantoro, & Doyin, M. (2025). Women’s resistance and the ideology of patriarchal hegemony in Ayu Utami’s novel Larung: A critical discourse analysis. KEMBARA: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya, 11(2), 1091–1105. https://doi.org/10.22219/kembara.v11i2.42802

Till, K. E. (2012). Wounded cities: Memory-work and a place-based ethics of care. Political Geography, 31(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2011.10.008

Utami, A. (2013). Larung. Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. (Original work published 2001)

Whigham, K. E. (2024). More than memory: Can memory spaces really prevent mass atrocities? Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal, 18(1), 37–53. https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.18.1.1954

Wiyatmi. (2013). Representasi sejarah Indonesia dalam novel-novel karya Ayu Utami [Representations of Indonesian history in Ayu Utami’s novels]. LITERA, 12(2), 209–223. https://doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v12i02.1545

Downloads

Published

2026-10-31

How to Cite

Saputra, H. S., Hariyadi, E., Ardisa, V. N., Indiarti, W., Maslikatin, T., Wardani , L. D. P., … Abdillah H., K. A. (2026). Haunted Environments: Political Violence and Ecologies of Memory in Ayu Utami’s Larung and Seno Gumira Ajidarma’s Kalatidha. International Journal of Integrative Sciences, 5(10), 1345–1364. https://doi.org/10.55927/ijis.v5i10.92